Sensors
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A sensor is a device that detects and responds to inputs from the physical environment, such as light, heat, motion, moisture, and pressure. The output is generally a signal converted to a human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a network for further processing.
Sensors are crucial in the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling ecosystems for collecting and processing data about environments to monitor, manage, and control them efficiently. IoT sensors are used in homes, fields, automobiles, airplanes, industrial settings, and more, bridging the gap between the physical and logical worlds.
Types of Sensors:
- Active Sensors: Require an external power source to respond to environmental input. Examples include weather satellites providing meteorological data.
- Passive Sensors: Do not require an external power source. They rely on environmental power sources like light or thermal energy. Examples include mercury-based thermometers.
Sensors can also be classified as analog or digital based on their output type:
- Analog Sensors: Convert environmental input into continuous, varying signals. An example is a thermocouple in gas hot water heaters, which sends different signals based on temperature changes.
- Digital Sensors: Convert environmental input into discrete digital signals (binary format). Digital sensors measure humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure, air quality, and more.
Common sensor types include
Accelerometer: Detects changes in gravitational acceleration, measuring tilt, vibration, and acceleration.
Chemical: Detects specific chemical substances in mediums (gas, liquid, solid)
Humidity: Detects water vapor levels in the air, determining relative humidity.
Pressure: Detects the pressure of liquids or gases.
Level: Determines the level of physical substances like water or fuel.
Motion: Senses physical movement in defined spaces.
Optical: Detects light waves, used in smartphones, robotics, and security systems.
Touch: Detects physical contact on surfaces, used in touchscreens and trackpads.
